Peripheral Neuropathy Evaluation

Peripheral neuropathy affects the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord and often causes symptoms in the feet and legs. Patients with this condition may experience tingling, burning, numbness, or sharp pain that interferes with daily life. A thorough evaluation is the first step toward understanding the cause of your symptoms and finding effective treatment.

What Is Peripheral Neuropathy?

Peripheral neuropathy occurs when nerves are damaged or disrupted, affecting their ability to send normal signals between the body and the brain. In the feet, this may lead to:

• Numbness or reduced sensation

• Tingling or burning

• Sharp, shooting, or stabbing pain

• Muscle weakness

• A feeling of heaviness or unsteadiness when walking

• Increased sensitivity to touch

• Loss of balance or coordination

Symptoms may come on gradually and often worsen over time. Early evaluation can help prevent progression and reduce the risk of complications such as falls, wounds, or infections.

Common Causes

There are many possible causes of peripheral neuropathy. Identifying the underlying reason is key to creating a successful treatment plan. Common causes include:

• Diabetes

• Vitamin deficiencies (especially B vitamins)

• Alcohol abuse

• Autoimmune conditions

• Chemotherapy or radiation

• Certain medications

• Infections

• Trauma or pressure on nerves

• Genetic disorders

In some cases, the cause may not be immediately identifiable. This is called idiopathic neuropathy.

What to Expect During an Evaluation

A peripheral neuropathy evaluation begins with a detailed review of your symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle. Your provider may ask questions about:

• When your symptoms began and how they’ve changed

• Any medical conditions or recent illnesses

• Your diet, medications, and exposure to toxins

• History of injuries or surgeries

This is followed by a physical exam that may include:

• Testing reflexes and muscle strength

• Checking your ability to feel vibrations, temperature, or light touch

• Evaluating balance and coordination

• Inspecting your feet for wounds, skin changes, or deformities

Diagnostic Tests

If needed, additional tests may be ordered to better understand the cause and severity of your condition. These may include:

• Nerve conduction studies or electromyography (EMG) to evaluate nerve and muscle function

• Blood tests to check for vitamin levels, blood sugar, or signs of inflammation

• Imaging such as MRI or ultrasound if structural problems are suspected

• Skin or nerve biopsy in rare cases for further analysis

Why Early Diagnosis Matters

Peripheral neuropathy that goes untreated can lead to more serious issues such as chronic pain, infections, balance problems, or foot ulcers. Early diagnosis gives you the best chance of slowing or even reversing some of the damage.

If you have diabetes or a family history of neuropathy, regular foot checks and evaluations are especially important.

Next Steps After Diagnosis

Once your provider identifies the likely cause of your symptoms, treatment can begin. Depending on your condition, this may include:

• Managing underlying conditions like diabetes

• Vitamin supplements or dietary changes

• Medications for nerve pain

• Custom orthotics to relieve pressure and protect the feet

• Physical therapy to maintain strength and balance

• Footwear recommendations or skin care routines to prevent complications

When to Schedule an Evaluation

You should schedule an evaluation if you are experiencing:

• Persistent numbness or tingling in your feet

• Burning or stabbing pain

• Weakness or instability when walking

• Loss of sensation in your toes or soles

• New balance issues or unexplained foot injuries

Our team is here to provide a thorough evaluation and a treatment plan tailored to your needs.