Skin & Soft Tissue Masses

Not every lump or bump on the foot or ankle is cause for concern, but it’s always worth having it checked by a specialist. Skin and soft tissue masses can range from harmless cysts to more complex growths that may need medical attention. Early evaluation can help ensure an accurate diagnosis and give you peace of mind.

What Are Skin and Soft Tissue Masses?

A soft tissue mass is any abnormal lump or swelling that develops beneath or on the surface of the skin. These growths may come from the skin, fat, tendon sheaths, or other soft structures in the foot or ankle. While many of these masses are benign, they can still cause discomfort, interfere with movement, or become inflamed or infected.

Common types of soft tissue masses include:

Ganglion cysts

These are fluid-filled sacs often found near joints or tendons. They are usually painless but may become uncomfortable depending on their size or location.

Lipomas

Soft, rubbery benign tumors made up of fatty tissue. These are typically slow-growing and painless.

Fibromas

Firm nodules that may develop in the plantar fascia or other connective tissues on the bottom of the foot.

Epidermoid cysts

These cysts can form from clogged hair follicles or after skin trauma. They may grow slowly and feel firm under the skin.

Infections or abscesses

Painful, swollen areas that may feel warm or tender and often require medical treatment such as drainage or antibiotics.

Neoplasms

In rare cases, a lump may be a tumor that needs additional testing or specialized care.

Symptoms to Watch For

Some masses do not cause symptoms and may be discovered incidentally. Others can cause:

• Pain or tenderness

• Swelling or inflammation

• Redness or warmth in the area

• Numbness or tingling

• Discomfort when walking or wearing shoes

If a mass is growing, changing in color or texture, or becoming painful, it’s important to have it evaluated.

Diagnosis and Evaluation

Evaluation begins with a physical exam and a discussion of your symptoms. Imaging such as an ultrasound, MRI, or X-ray may be used to get a clearer picture of the mass. In some cases, a biopsy may be needed to determine the exact nature of the growth.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the type and severity of the mass. Options may include:

• Observation, if the mass is benign and not causing problems

• Aspiration, for fluid-filled cysts

• Surgical removal, if the mass is painful, growing, or interfering with daily activities

• Antibiotics, if there is evidence of infection

The goal is always to provide effective care with as little disruption as possible to your daily life.

When to Seek Care

Most skin and soft tissue masses are not serious, but early evaluation can make a big difference. If you’ve noticed a lump or bump that is new, painful, or changing, it’s a good idea to have it looked at. Prompt diagnosis can help prevent complications and guide the most appropriate treatment.