Ganglion Cysts

A ganglion cyst is a fluid-filled lump that forms near joints or tendons, commonly in the foot or ankle. Although these cysts are non-cancerous and often harmless, they can cause discomfort, interfere with footwear, or make walking painful. If you notice a bump on your foot that seems to appear out of nowhere, a ganglion cyst may be the cause.

What Is a Ganglion Cyst?

Ganglion cysts are sacs filled with a thick, jelly-like fluid. They are typically located near joints and tendons and may grow larger or smaller over time. In the foot and ankle, they are most often found on the top of the foot or near the ankle joint.

While some ganglion cysts cause no symptoms at all, others can become painful if they press against nearby nerves or tissues.

Common Symptoms

Ganglion cysts can vary in size and may feel:

• Firm or spongy to the touch

• Round or oval-shaped

• Fixed in place or slightly movable

• Tender or painful, especially with pressure or movement

• Associated with tingling or numbness if pressing on a nerve

The size of the cyst may fluctuate, and some cysts may disappear on their own.

What Causes Ganglion Cysts?

The exact cause is not always clear, but ganglion cysts may form due to:

• Joint or tendon irritation

• Repetitive stress or overuse

• Previous injury or trauma to the area

• Underlying joint conditions, such as arthritis

They are more common in women and individuals who perform repetitive movements or place stress on their feet and ankles.

Diagnosis

Your provider will begin with a physical examination and may ask questions about your symptoms and activity level. In some cases, imaging tests such as:

• Ultrasound to determine if the lump is fluid-filled

• X-ray to rule out bone conditions

• MRI to view soft tissue structures more clearly

A simple in-office test may involve shining a light through the cyst to see if it is translucent, which is typical of a ganglion cyst.

Treatment Options

Not all ganglion cysts require treatment. If the cyst is not painful or interfering with your activities, your provider may recommend simply monitoring it.

When treatment is needed, options may include:

• Footwear adjustments: Switching to shoes with a roomy toe box or soft upper materials to reduce pressure.

• Aspiration: Removing the fluid with a needle in a quick, in-office procedure. This may provide relief, although cysts can sometimes return.

• Immobilization: Wearing a brace or boot to reduce movement and pressure that may worsen the cyst.

• Anti-inflammatory medication: To manage any discomfort.

• Surgical removal: If the cyst is persistent, painful, or returns after aspiration, surgery may be recommended to remove the cyst and its connection to the joint or tendon.

Your provider will help you choose the treatment that best fits your needs and activity level.

When to See a Specialist

You should schedule a visit if you notice:

• A lump on your foot or ankle that is growing or painful

• Discomfort when wearing shoes or walking

• Tingling, numbness, or changes in mobility

• Recurring cysts or unsuccessful previous treatments